Search results for "CROISSANCE URBAINE"

Maîtrise de la croissance urbaine : outils, comportement des acteurs et impacts environnements

2015

Empirical tests of the multicentric urban models

1999

Since the seventies the effects of city size growth and diversification of economic activities on the multipolarisation of economic activities have questioned the theoretical and empirical appropriateness of the monocentric urban pattern to explain and describe the spatial organization of the modern metropolitan areas. New assumptions were based on multicentric and nonmonocentric urban economics models, which have become the core of new economic geography analysis during the nineties. At the same time, a lot of empirical studies have attempted to describe the urban economic patterns of North American metropolitan areas. Using this empirical literature, the aim of this paper is to propose a …

Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des villes européennes. Faut-il préférer la géographie, le climat institutionnel ou les réseau…

2013

Knowledge spillovers within urban economies are also sources of spillovers between cities. We examine how knowledge spillovers influenced the economic growth of 82 European metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers between cities on the basis of five specific interaction patterns based on geography, networks of multinational firms in advanced services, institutional climate and two combinations of these factors. Spatial models are estimated to detail the effects of growth factors in terms of spillovers and externalities. We show that spillovers are local rather than global and that interactions among cities accelerate the convergence process based on gross value …

Modeling urban growth by cellular automata

1996

International audience; The structural development of human settlements can be characterized as a complex highly feedbacketed process. The assumption that this process is governed by rather few fundamental laws stimulated a considerable research in the field of urban growth during the last decade. Aiming at the comprehension of the basic underlying dynamics different approaches from the field of self-organizing systems have been proposed. In this paper we present a "cellular model" of urban growth dynamics based on the work of White, Engelen and Uljee. As a starting point this model throws some light on the mechanism of urban growth. But even more important, it raises a lot of questions con…

Maîtrise de la croissance urbaine et régulation du foncier : outils et impacts

2014

Compte rendu et analyses, Séminaire PUCA, 14 février 2014, Paris La Défense.

Externalités d'informations et évolution des villes

1999

Present-day city growth is chiefly the result of new tertiary activities such as financial and producer services, R&D, or business administration. These activities consume human capital, knowledge and high-tech capital, which are all rapidly changing inputs; they are based on complex decision-making processes; this renders them highly information-dependent. Inasmuch as these activities are the main key to understanding the city, information must play a leading role in understanding urban forms. The concentration of these activities in cities appears paradoxical in the era of information. They are agglomerated because of their need of proximity for exchanging information. But information can…

Sensitivity of a climate model to urban form : application on Dijon Métropole

2020

The urban environment is at the crossroads of two complex systems with different temporalities : climate and society. The urban climate is a modification of the climate caused by the presence of a city. The most successful expression of this climate change by the presence of the city is the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI). In a global context of adaptation and mitigation to climate change and urban development, this phenomenon of ICU tends to increase, and its health impacts on populations to become more prominent. This work is aimed at improving the knowledge of the impact of urban form and urban development on the intensity of the UCI through the implementation of a decision support…

Ville et environnement aux Etats-Unis

2005

Accessibilité aux commerces, service et aménités vertes et de loisirs dans un modèle fractal d'urbanisation : le cas du Luxembourg

2012

International audience; L'objectif de cette communication est de présenter quelques éléments de réflexion concernant l'accessibilité aux commerces et services dans un modèle de croissance résidentielle. Ces travaux sont menés dans le but de fournir des entrées à la simulation de scénarios d'extensions urbaines. Le terrain d'application de ce travail est le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, où le développement pavillonnaire périurbain s'accompagne d'une forte dépendance automobile (Dupuy, 1995 ; pour le cas luxembourgeois cf. Petit, 2009). Pour endiguer ce processus, le Ministère des Transports ambitionne une part modale de 25% en transports en commun à l'horizon 2020 (Plan Sectoriel des Transports…

Urban growth (1956-2006) and soil degradation by soil sealing in the municipality of Valencia

2011

15 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas.